Biography and Early References

The canonical Gospels in the New Testament do not mention the names of Mary’s parents. The primary source for the life of St. Anne comes from apocryphal literature, most notably the Protoevangelium of James (also known as the Gospel of James), likely composed in the second century A.D.

According to this text, Anne was the wife of Joachim, a wealthy and devout man from the House of David. The couple lived in Jerusalem and were distinguished by their piety, generosity, and observance of Jewish law. Despite their upright life, Anne and Joachim suffered the pain of childlessness into old age—a circumstance regarded as a mark of divine displeasure in ancient Judaism. In their sorrow, the couple prayed fervently for a child, vowing to dedicate any offspring to God’s service.

Their prayers were answered when an angel appeared to Anne, announcing that she would conceive a child who would be blessed throughout all generations. This child was Mary, destined to become the Mother of Jesus. In gratitude and fulfillment of their vow, Anne and Joachim presented the young Mary at the Temple in Jerusalem, where, according to tradition, she was consecrated to God’s service.

Other apocryphal sources, such as the Gospel of the Nativity of Mary and the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, provide similar accounts, further embellishing Anne’s virtue and maternal devotion. Although these writings are not accepted as canonical scripture, they have profoundly influenced Christian art, liturgy, and devotion.

Veneration throughout History

Devotion to St. Anne originated in the Eastern Church, where her cult can be traced as far back as the sixth century. Churches in Constantinople, such as the Church of St. Anne, are among the earliest dedicated to her honor. By the eighth century, her veneration had spread to the Western Church, with Pope Constantine (708–715) dedicating a church to her in Rome.

The Middle Ages saw a surge in devotion to St. Anne, particularly in Western Europe. Her popularity grew rapidly, fueled by the Crusades and the influence of religious orders such as the Franciscans. Numerous churches, chapels, and altars were established in her name, and her relics became objects of fervent pilgrimage in places like Apt and Düren.

Medieval art often depicted Anne teaching the young Mary, emphasizing her role as the educator of the Mother of God and, by extension, of Christians everywhere.

Feast Day

The feast day of St. Anne is celebrated on July 26th in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Anglican Communion and Lutheran traditions. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, her feast is observed on July 25th.

Depictions and Legacy

St. Anne is most commonly depicted in Christian art as a matronly woman in the company of her daughter Mary and, sometimes, her grandson Jesus. Iconography often shows her holding a book or teaching Mary to read, signifying her role as an educator and transmitter of faith. These images have inspired countless artists, from medieval illuminators to Renaissance painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (“The Virgin and Child with St. Anne”).

Her legacy endures in the thousands of churches and shrines dedicated to her worldwide. In addition to Canada and Brittany, significant places of pilgrimage include Saint-Anne d'Auray in France, Düren in Germany, and various churches throughout the Mediterranean and Latin America.

Conclusion

Though the historical details of St. Anne’s life remain shrouded in tradition and pious legend, her profound influence on Christian spirituality is undeniable. The virtues of patient hope, faithfulness, and nurturing love embodied by St. Anne continue to inspire believers across cultures and generations. Her feast day on July 26th serves as an annual reminder of her powerful intercession and the enduring strength of maternal faith.

Saint Anne Pray for us!